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00094《外貿(mào)函電》自考復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)(第五課至第九課)

2013-09-21 22:00來(lái)源:山東自考網(wǎng)
《外貿(mào)函電》第五課至第九課復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)
 詢價(jià)和報(bào)盤:
  1.description of an article/name of commodity
  意思是商品名稱。在商業(yè)書信中,我們常?梢钥吹皆S多表示商品或貨物的詞匯,如:commodity, goods, article, merchandise, cargo, material, item, product, supply, order 等。
  下面簡(jiǎn)單介紹一下這些詞匯的用法:
  commodity是比較正式的用語(yǔ),通常指較大范圍的商品,尤其指一個(gè)國(guó)家的主要商品。Commodity是可數(shù)名詞。
  goods不是指一件商品,而是統(tǒng)指貨物。Goods永遠(yuǎn)是復(fù)數(shù)形式,不能與數(shù)詞連用。
  Merchandise 也是泛指商品,不特指某一商品,但沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,前面也不可加不定冠詞。
  article 作商品解時(shí),常常指一種商品,而不是指一類商品,同一種商品而有不同規(guī)格,商品編貨號(hào),常用此詞,如在課文中。
  Cargo = goods carried in a ship.即船上所載的貨物。如:The steamer sailed with full cargo.該輪滿載起航。 注意這里不能用goods 代替cargo.說(shuō)與裝運(yùn)有關(guān)的貨物時(shí)也可以用cargo, 但不如goods普通。如:We expect to ship the goods (可用cargo) in a few days. 如果不是在船上的貨物,又跟裝運(yùn)沒(méi)有關(guān)系的貨物,不能用cargo, 如:As soon as the goods (不能用cargo) are available, we will call you.
  material 一般指作原料用的商品。
  item 名詞item本義是“項(xiàng)目”,但在商業(yè)函件中常用來(lái)代表前面提到的貨物,如:We note your are interested in walnut meat but regret to advise that this item is not available at present. 尤其在介紹目錄中的商品項(xiàng)目時(shí)常用此詞,如:You can buy these items through the catalogue. 你能從目錄中買到這些項(xiàng)目。product 指產(chǎn)品。supply 和order的用法,在第二課精講中講過(guò)。
  2.支付
  terms of payment 支付條件。
  外貿(mào)中常用的支付方式有3種:
 。1) Remittance: Mail Transfer (M/T), Telegraphic Transfer (T/T),Demand Draft (D/D)
 。2) Documentary Collection: a. Documents against payment (D/P):         Documents against payment at sight (D/P sight),                   Documents against payment after sight (D/P after sight) b.               Documents against acceptance (D/A)
  (3) L/C: 信用證是可數(shù)普通名詞,單數(shù)為(a)letter of credit, 復(fù)數(shù)為 letters of credit; 但在商業(yè)書信中常作大寫,單數(shù)為(a)Letter of Credit, 復(fù)數(shù)為 Letters of Credit;且常用大寫縮寫,單數(shù)為(an)L/C,復(fù)數(shù)為L(zhǎng)s/C.此外,商業(yè)書信有時(shí)也用credit一個(gè)詞表示信用證,復(fù)數(shù)為credits. 開(kāi)立信用證,最普通的是open an L/C,比較正式的說(shuō)法是establish an L/C,從銀行的角度可以說(shuō)issue an L/C.改證是 amend an L/C.展證是extend an L/C.
  關(guān)于信用證的常用詞組:
  即期信用證:letter of credit available by draft at sight, letter of credit payable against draft at sight, letter of credit available by sight draft, letter of credit payable against sight draft, sight L/C (在商業(yè)書信中常用);
  遠(yuǎn)期信用證: usance L/C, time L/C, term L/C. 注意: 見(jiàn)票后多少天支付的說(shuō)法很多, 常見(jiàn)的有: L/C available by draft at 30 days after sight 見(jiàn)票后30天付款; usance L/C at 30 days after sight 見(jiàn)票后30天付款; time L/C at 30 days after sight 見(jiàn)票后30天付款; term L/C at 30 days after sight 見(jiàn)票后30天付款; usance L/C at 30 days 見(jiàn)票后30天付款; time L/C at 30 days 見(jiàn)票后30天付款; term L/C at 30 days 見(jiàn)票后30天付款。
  其他: confirmed L/C 保兌信用證,irrevocable L/C 不可撤消信用證,documentary L/C 跟單信用證,transferable and divisible L/C 可轉(zhuǎn)讓與可分割信用證,revolving L/C 循環(huán)信用證,back to back L/C 背對(duì)背信用證,reciprocal L/C 對(duì)開(kāi)信用證。
  另外,當(dāng)數(shù)量條款定有溢短裝條款時(shí),付款條件中也應(yīng)有所反映:
  Payment: By confirmed, irrevocable L/C payable by draft at sight. The L/C should include a clause 5% more or less for both the quantity and the amount allowed.保兌的、不可撤銷的信用證付款。信用證必須包括裝貨數(shù)量和總值都有5%溢短的條款。
  Payment: By confirmed, irrevocable L/C, allowing 5% more or less both in amount and in quantity.保兌的、不可撤銷的信用證, 數(shù)量和總值均允許5%溢短。
  此外,付款條件的替代用法很多:
  Payment: By confirmed, irrevocable L/C payable at sight against presentation of shipping documents in China. 保兌的、不可撤銷的信用證, 憑裝運(yùn)單據(jù)在中國(guó)即期支付。
  Payment (payment has to be made by) : By confirmed, irrevocable L/C payable by draft at sight which should reach us at least one month before the shipping date, and should remain valid for negotiation in China until the 15th day after the date of shipment. 保兌的、不可撤銷的信用證, 至遲應(yīng)在裝運(yùn)期前一個(gè)月開(kāi)達(dá)我方,在中國(guó)支付,信用證有效期至裝運(yùn)期后15天止。
  For payment, please arrange for an irrevocable letter of credit, valid until June 30, to be opened in our favour with the ABC Bank.關(guān)于付款,請(qǐng)安排由ABC銀行開(kāi)立以我方為受益人,有效期至6月30日截止的不可撤銷的信用證。
  Payment should be made under an irrevocable letter of credit which is to be opened in our favour within a week after the date of your order.付款條件,在你方定貨后一個(gè)星期內(nèi)開(kāi)立以我方為受益人的,不可撤銷的信用證。
  3. 價(jià)格
  合同中的價(jià)格條款包括單價(jià)(price)和總值(amount)。表示單價(jià)用介詞at.
  合同中的單價(jià)條款包括4個(gè)部分:計(jì)價(jià)貨幣、計(jì)量單位、貿(mào)易術(shù)語(yǔ)、單位價(jià)格金額。報(bào)價(jià)時(shí),這4個(gè)部分一定要完整,缺一不可。
  凡價(jià)格中不包括傭金或折扣的,即是凈價(jià)。有時(shí)為了明確說(shuō)明成交的價(jià)格是凈價(jià),在價(jià)格術(shù)語(yǔ)后可加注“凈價(jià)”(NET)字樣。例如:US$ 35 per dozen F.O.B net Shanghai 每打F.O.B.凈價(jià)上海35美元。
  4. Subject to:
  subject to……視……而定,以……為條件。如:
  This offer is subject to your reply being received by September 1.本盤9月1日前復(fù)到有效。
  This offer is subject to prior sale.本盤以先賣為準(zhǔn)。
  This offer is subject to the goods being unsold.本盤以貨物未售出為準(zhǔn)。
  5. To be in a position to
  to be in a position to 表示能夠,是外貿(mào)書信中常用的成語(yǔ),與can和to be able to是同義詞。
  6. To be desirous
  to be desirous表示渴望?梢越硬欢ㄊ蕉陶Z(yǔ):We are desirous to establish… ;也可以加of接動(dòng)名詞:We are desirous of establishing trade relations with you.
  7. By return
  by return表示立即,收信后立即回信,是書信中常見(jiàn)的成語(yǔ),只是這成語(yǔ)有點(diǎn)陳舊。
  還盤:
  1. usual terms
  usual terms 表示按慣常條款。
  除了課文中的用法“offering us 50 long tons of the captioned goods at Stg. 235 per long ton CFR Shanghai, usual terms按慣常條款給我方50長(zhǎng)噸標(biāo)題貨物報(bào)盤”。
  也可以用terms as usual 代替usual terms, 用on, according to, under 代替逗號(hào)。
  如: ……, offering us 50 long tons of the captioned goods at Stg. 235 per long ton CFR Shanghai on (according to, under ) usual terms (terms as usual)。 ……, 按慣常條款給我方50長(zhǎng)噸標(biāo)題貨物報(bào)盤。
  2. 因價(jià)格高而不能接受報(bào)盤
  ……our end-users here find your price too high and out of line with the prevailing market level.……我方用戶認(rèn)為你方價(jià)格過(guò)高,與現(xiàn)行市場(chǎng)行情不一致。
  在談到價(jià)格高低時(shí),可以用price, 也可以用quotation.如:We find your quotation too high to be acceptable.
  Prevailing的意思是“流行的”,level的本義是水平,常常被引申為價(jià)格(水平)。
  如:Business is hopeful if your reduce your level. 如果你方能夠降低價(jià)格,成交有望。
  又比如:to sell something at your level. 按你方價(jià)格出售某物。
  或to sell something at our level. 按我方價(jià)格出售某物。
  prevailing market level 是指現(xiàn)行行市。
  out of line with……表示“與……不相符合”。
  out of line with the prevailing market level是指與現(xiàn)行行市不相符合。
  類似用法:
  Your counteroffer is not up to the present market level.你方的還價(jià)不符合現(xiàn)行的市場(chǎng)水平。
  Your price is not on a level with the current market.你方價(jià)格與當(dāng)前的市場(chǎng)水平不相吻合。
  Your counteroffer is not at all in keeping with the current rate.你方還價(jià)不符合現(xiàn)行的價(jià)格水平。
  注意,與……不相符合是out of line with ………,而要說(shuō)與………相符合則是 in line with ……
  如: While our price is in line with the prevailing international market rate, we are not in a position to consider any concession in our price, much to our regret.我們所報(bào)的價(jià)格完全符合當(dāng)前國(guó)際市場(chǎng)行情,歉難在價(jià)格上作任何折讓。
  另一種常見(jiàn)的表達(dá)法為in compliance with…………。
  如:Our quotation is in compliance with the present level. 我們所報(bào)價(jià)格符合當(dāng)前市場(chǎng)水平。
  3. reply 和answer:
  reply 和answer這兩個(gè)詞都是既可以作名詞,又可以作動(dòng)詞。
  在商業(yè)函電中,常用reply,不常用answer.
  作為名詞 answer和 reply 都接介詞to,如:an answer to a letter, a reply to a letter.
  作為動(dòng)詞,answer既可以用作及物動(dòng)詞,又可以用作不及物動(dòng)詞。因此,to answer a letter 和 to answer to a letter都可以說(shuō),當(dāng)然前者比較普遍。
  Reply用作“答復(fù)”解釋時(shí),只可以作為不及物動(dòng)詞用。因此,可以說(shuō)to reply to a letter, 不可以說(shuō)reply a letter.
  謝絕還盤:
  1. On the high side
  談?wù)搩r(jià)格高到什么程度:
  Your price is a bit high. 你方價(jià)格有點(diǎn)高。
  Your price is on the high side. 你方價(jià)格偏高。
  Your price is excessive. 你方價(jià)格過(guò)高。
  Your price is rather high. 你方價(jià)格相當(dāng)高。
  Your price is too high. 你方價(jià)格太高。
  Your price is prohibitive. 你方價(jià)格高得令人望而卻步。
  Your price is high. 你方價(jià)格高。
  這是說(shuō)價(jià)格高,而價(jià)格低可以說(shuō):
  Your price is low. 你方價(jià)格低。
  Your price is on the low side. 你方價(jià)格偏低。
  Your price is too low. 你方價(jià)格太低。
  我們還常說(shuō):
  Your price is competitive. 你方價(jià)格有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。
  Your price is acceptable. 你方價(jià)格可接受。Your price is reasonable. 你方價(jià)格是合理的。
  Your price is attractive. 你方價(jià)格有吸引力。
  Your price is unreasonable. 你方價(jià)格不合理。
  Your price is unworkable. 你方價(jià)格做不開(kāi)。
  Your price is impracticable. 你方價(jià)格不可行。
  Your price is infeasible. 你方價(jià)格行不通。
  Your price is realistic. 你方價(jià)格不現(xiàn)實(shí)。
  在這種情況下,既可以指價(jià)格高,又可以價(jià)格低,需要視情況而定。一般說(shuō),出自買方之口指高,賣方之口指低。
  2. To the extent: to the extent表示到達(dá)這樣的程度。
  3. For your information: for your information=for your reference 是供你方參考的意思。但如果遇到嚴(yán)肅的事,就不宜用這一短語(yǔ)。
  4. See our way clear: see our way clear 是設(shè)法的意思,clear在這里可以用,也可以省略。
  5. keep us posted (informed, advised) of developments at your end: 意思是:請(qǐng)隨時(shí)告知你處情況的發(fā)展(變化)。除了用at the end, 還可以用:類似用法還有:in your place; in your region; in your area; on your side; in your market;   in your city; 等等。
  確認(rèn)定貨與謝絕定貨:
  1. reduce & reduction: reduce 是動(dòng)詞,reduction 是名詞,后面接介詞in,意思是減低、減少。減價(jià)還可以用cut.如:In order to close this deal we shall further reduce (cut) our price. We have made 8% reduction in our price. 另外,減到某一程度用bring down to,如:We bring down our price to the level you indicated in your letter of August 5. 略減用shade,如:We shade our price.
  2. Referring to: referring to =with reference to 意思是關(guān)于,是商業(yè)書信中常用的短語(yǔ),尤其在一封信的開(kāi)首句里。
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